# Landmark Feature Classes The table below shows the various **geographic feature codes** split up by **feature class**. These are used in the `` XML element.   A - Administrative Boundary Features (countries, states, regions, etc...) Code Name Description **ADM1** first-order administrative division a primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States **ADM1H** historical first-order administrative division a former first-order administrative division **ADM2** second-order administrative division a subdivision of a first-order administrative division **ADM2H** historical second-order administrative division a former second-order administrative division **ADM3** third-order administrative division a subdivision of a second-order administrative division **ADM3H** historical third-order administrative division a former third-order administrative division **ADM4** fourth-order administrative division a subdivision of a third-order administrative division **ADM4H** historical fourth-order administrative division a former fourth-order administrative division **ADM5** fifth-order administrative division a subdivision of a fourth-order administrative division **ADM5H** historical fifth-order administrative division a former fifth-order administrative division **ADMD** administrative division an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level **ADMDH** historical administrative division a former administrative division of a political entity, undifferentiated as to administrative level **LTER** leased area a tract of land leased to another country, usually for military installations **PCL** political entity \- **PCLD** dependent political entity \- **PCLF** freely associated state \- **PCLH** historical political entity a former political entity **PCLI** independent political entity \- **PCLIX** section of independent political entity \- **PCLS** semi-independent political entity \- **PRSH** parish an ecclesiastical district **TERR** territory \- **ZN** zone \- **ZNB** buffer zone a zone recognized as a buffer between two nations in which military presence is minimal or absent **H - Hydrographic Features (streams, lakes, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **AIRS** seaplane landing area a place on a waterbody where floatplanes land and take off **ANCH** anchorage an area where vessels may anchor **BAY** bay a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf **BAYS** bays coastal indentations between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf **BGHT** bight(s) an open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline **BNK** bank(s) an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for most surface navigation **BNKR** stream bank a sloping margin of a stream channel which normally confines the stream to its channel on land **BNKX** section of bank \- **BOG** bog(s) a wetland characterized by peat forming sphagnum moss, sedge, and other acid-water plants **CAPG** icecap a dome-shaped mass of glacial ice covering an area of mountain summits or other high lands; smaller than an ice sheet **CHN** channel the deepest part of a stream, bay, lagoon, or strait, through which the main current flows **CHNL** lake channel(s) that part of a lake having water deep enough for navigation between islands, shoals, etc. **CHNM** marine channel that part of a body of water deep enough for navigation through an area otherwise not suitable **CHNN** navigation channel a buoyed channel of sufficient depth for the safe navigation of vessels **CNFL** confluence a place where two or more streams or intermittent streams flow together **CNL** canal an artificial watercourse **CNLA** aqueduct a conduit used to carry water **CNLB** canal bend a conspicuously curved or bent section of a canal **CNLD** drainage canal an artificial waterway carrying water away from a wetland or from drainage ditches **CNLI** irrigation canal a canal which serves as a main conduit for irrigation water **CNLN** navigation canal(s) a watercourse constructed for navigation of vessels **CNLQ** abandoned canal \- **CNLSB** underground irrigation canal(s) a gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from aquifers **CNLX** section of canal \- **COVE** cove(s) a small coastal indentation, smaller than a bay **CRKT** tidal creek(s) a meandering channel in a coastal wetland subject to bi-directional tidal currents **CRNT** current a horizontal flow of water in a given direction with uniform velocity **CUTF** cutoff a channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck **DCK** dock(s) a waterway between two piers, or cut into the land for the berthing of ships **DCKB** docking basin a part of a harbor where ships dock **DOMG** icecap dome a comparatively elevated area on an icecap **DPRG** icecap depression a comparatively depressed area on an icecap **DTCH** ditch a small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land **DTCHD** drainage ditch a ditch which serves to drain the land **DTCHI** irrigation ditch a ditch which serves to distribute irrigation water **DTCHM** ditch mouth(s) an area where a drainage ditch enters a lagoon, lake or bay **ESTY** estuary a funnel-shaped stream mouth or embayment where fresh water mixes with sea water under tidal influences **FISH** fishing area a fishing ground, bank or area where fishermen go to catch fish **FJD** fjord a long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arm of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts **FJDS** fjords long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arms of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts **FLLS** waterfall(s) a perpendicular or very steep descent of the water of a stream **FLLSX** section of waterfall(s) \- **FLTM** mud flat(s) a relatively level area of mud either between high and low tide lines, or subject to flooding **FLTT** tidal flat(s) a large flat area of mud or sand attached to the shore and alternately covered and uncovered by the tide **GLCR** glacier(s) a mass of ice, usually at high latitudes or high elevations, with sufficient thickness to flow away from the source area in lobes, tongues, or masses **GULF** gulf a large recess in the coastline, larger than a bay **GYSR** geyser a type of hot spring with intermittent eruptions of jets of hot water and steam **HBR** harbor(s) a haven or space of deep water so sheltered by the adjacent land as to afford a safe anchorage for ships **HBRX** section of harbor \- **INLT** inlet a narrow waterway extending into the land, or connecting a bay or lagoon with a larger body of water **INLTQ** former inlet an inlet which has been filled in, or blocked by deposits **LBED** lake bed(s) a dried up or drained area of a former lake **LGN** lagoon a shallow coastal waterbody, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature **LGNS** lagoons shallow coastal waterbodies, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature **LGNX** section of lagoon \- **LK** lake a large inland body of standing water **LKC** crater lake a lake in a crater or caldera **LKI** intermittent lake \- **LKN** salt lake an inland body of salt water with no outlet **LKNI** intermittent salt lake \- **LKO** oxbow lake a crescent-shaped lake commonly found adjacent to meandering streams **LKOI** intermittent oxbow lake \- **LKS** lakes large inland bodies of standing water **LKSB** underground lake a standing body of water in a cave **LKSC** crater lakes lakes in a crater or caldera **LKSI** intermittent lakes \- **LKSN** salt lakes inland bodies of salt water with no outlet **LKSNI** intermittent salt lakes \- **LKX** section of lake \- **MFGN** salt evaporation ponds diked salt ponds used in the production of solar evaporated salt **MGV** mangrove swamp a tropical tidal mud flat characterized by mangrove vegetation **MOOR** moor(s) an area of open ground overlaid with wet peaty soils **MRSH** marsh(es) a wetland dominated by grass-like vegetation **MRSHN** salt marsh a flat area, subject to periodic salt water inundation, dominated by grassy salt-tolerant plants **NRWS** narrows a navigable narrow part of a bay, strait, river, etc. **OCN** ocean one of the major divisions of the vast expanse of salt water covering part of the earth **OVF** overfalls an area of breaking waves caused by the meeting of currents or by waves moving against the current **PND** pond a small standing waterbody **PNDI** intermittent pond \- **PNDN** salt pond a small standing body of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast **PNDNI** intermittent salt pond(s) \- **PNDS** ponds small standing waterbodies **PNDSF** fishponds ponds or enclosures in which fish are kept or raised **PNDSI** intermittent ponds \- **PNDSN** salt ponds small standing bodies of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast **POOL** pool(s) a small and comparatively still, deep part of a larger body of water such as a stream or harbor; or a small body of standing water **POOLI** intermittent pool \- **RCH** reach a straight section of a navigable stream or channel between two bends **RDGG** icecap ridge a linear elevation on an icecap **RDST** roadstead an open anchorage affording less protection than a harbor **RF** reef(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material **RFC** coral reef(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of coral **RFX** section of reef \- **RPDS** rapids a turbulent section of a stream associated with a steep, irregular stream bed **RSV** reservoir(s) an artificial pond or lake **RSVI** intermittent reservoir \- **RSVT** water tank a contained pool or tank of water at, below, or above ground level **RVN** ravine(s) a small, narrow, deep, steep-sided stream channel, smaller than a gorge **SBKH** sabkha(s) a salt flat or salt encrusted plain subject to periodic inundation from flooding or high tides **SD** sound a long arm of the sea forming a channel between the mainland and an island or islands; or connecting two larger bodies of water **SEA** sea a large body of salt water more or less confined by continuous land or chains of islands forming a subdivision of an ocean **SHOL** shoal(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material **SILL** sill the low part of an underwater gap or saddle separating basins, including a similar feature at the mouth of a fjord **SPNG** spring(s) a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground **SPNS** sulphur spring(s) a place where sulphur ground water flows naturally out of the ground **SPNT** hot spring(s) a place where hot ground water flows naturally out of the ground **STM** stream a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land **STMA** anabranch a diverging branch flowing out of a main stream and rejoining it downstream **STMB** stream bend a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a stream **STMC** canalized stream a stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened **STMD** distributary(-ies) a branch which flows away from the main stream, as in a delta or irrigation canal **STMH** headwaters the source and upper part of a stream, including the upper drainage basin **STMI** intermittent stream \- **STMIX** section of intermittent stream \- **STMM** stream mouth(s) a place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea **STMQ** abandoned watercourse a former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns **STMS** streams bodies of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land **STMSB** lost river a surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area **STMX** section of stream \- **STRT** strait a relatively narrow waterway, usually narrower and less extensive than a sound, connecting two larger bodies of water **SWMP** swamp a wetland dominated by tree vegetation **SYSI** irrigation system a network of ditches and one or more of the following elements: water supply, reservoir, canal, pump, well, drain, etc. **TNLC** canal tunnel a tunnel through which a canal passes **WAD** wadi a valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East **WADB** wadi bend a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a wadi **WADJ** wadi junction a place where two or more wadies join **WADM** wadi mouth the lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or waterbody **WADS** wadies valleys or ravines, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season become watercourses; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East **WADX** section of wadi \- **WHRL** whirlpool a turbulent, rotating movement of water in a stream **WLL** well a cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface **WLLQ** abandoned well \- **WLLS** wells cylindrical holes, pits, or tunnels drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface **WTLD** wetland an area subject to inundation, usually characterized by bog, marsh, or swamp vegetation **WTLDI** intermittent wetland \- **WTRC** watercourse a natural, well-defined channel produced by flowing water, or an artificial channel designed to carry flowing water **WTRH** waterhole(s) a natural hole, hollow, or small depression that contains water, used by man and animals, especially in arid areas **L - Area Features (parks, area, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **AGRC** agricultural colony a tract of land set aside for agricultural settlement **AMUS** amusement park Amusement Park are theme parks, adventure parks offering entertainment, similar to funfairs but with a fix location **AREA** area a tract of land without homogeneous character or boundaries **BSND** drainage basin an area drained by a stream **BSNP** petroleum basin an area underlain by an oil-rich structural basin **BTL** battlefield a site of a land battle of historical importance **CLG** clearing an area in a forest with trees removed **CMN** common a park or pasture for community use **CNS** concession area a lease of land by a government for economic development, e.g., mining, forestry **COLF** coalfield a region in which coal deposits of possible economic value occur **CONT** continent continent: Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica **CST** coast a zone of variable width straddling the shoreline **CTRB** business center a place where a number of businesses are located **DEVH** housing development a tract of land on which many houses of similar design are built according to a development plan **FLD** field(s) an open as opposed to wooded area **FLDI** irrigated field(s) a tract of level or terraced land which is irrigated **GASF** gasfield an area containing a subterranean store of natural gas of economic value **GRAZ** grazing area an area of grasses and shrubs used for grazing **GVL** gravel area an area covered with gravel **INDS** industrial area an area characterized by industrial activity **LAND** arctic land a tract of land in the Arctic **LCTY** locality a minor area or place of unspecified or mixed character and indefinite boundaries **MILB** military base a place used by an army or other armed service for storing arms and supplies, and for accommodating and training troops, a base from which operations can be initiated **MNA** mining area an area of mine sites where minerals and ores are extracted **MVA** maneuver area a tract of land where military field exercises are carried out **NVB** naval base an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for troops and naval personnel, a port for naval vessels, and from which operations are initiated **OAS** oasis(-es) an area in a desert made productive by the availability of water **OILF** oilfield an area containing a subterranean store of petroleum of economic value **PEAT** peat cutting area an area where peat is harvested **PRK** park an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation **PRT** port a place provided with terminal and transfer facilities for loading and discharging waterborne cargo or passengers, usually located in a harbor **QCKS** quicksand an area where loose sand with water moving through it may become unstable when heavy objects are placed at the surface, causing them to sink **RES** reserve a tract of public land reserved for future use or restricted as to use **RESA** agricultural reserve a tract of land reserved for agricultural reclamation and/or development **RESF** forest reserve a forested area set aside for preservation or controlled use **RESH** hunting reserve a tract of land used primarily for hunting **RESN** nature reserve an area reserved for the maintenance of a natural habitat **RESP** palm tree reserve an area of palm trees where use is controlled **RESV** reservation a tract of land set aside for aboriginal, tribal, or native populations **RESW** wildlife reserve a tract of public land reserved for the preservation of wildlife **RGN** region an area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics **RGNE** economic region a region of a country established for economic development or for statistical purposes **RGNH** historical region a former historic area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics **RGNL** lake region a tract of land distinguished by numerous lakes **RNGA** artillery range a tract of land used for artillery firing practice **SALT** salt area a shallow basin or flat where salt accumulates after periodic inundation **SNOW** snowfield an area of permanent snow and ice forming the accumulation area of a glacier **TRB** tribal area a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes **P - Populated Place Features (city, village, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **PPL** populated place a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work **PPLA** seat of a first-order administrative division seat of a first-order administrative division (PPLC takes precedence over PPLA) **PPLA2** seat of a second-order administrative division \- **PPLA3** seat of a third-order administrative division \- **PPLA4** seat of a fourth-order administrative division \- **PPLA5** seat of a fifth-order administrative division \- **PPLC** capital of a political entity \- **PPLCH** historical capital of a political entity a former capital of a political entity **PPLF** farm village a populated place where the population is largely engaged in agricultural activities **PPLG** seat of government of a political entity \- **PPLH** historical populated place a populated place that no longer exists **PPLL** populated locality an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings **PPLQ** abandoned populated place \- **PPLR** religious populated place a populated place whose population is largely engaged in religious occupations **PPLS** populated places cities, towns, villages, or other agglomerations of buildings where people live and work **PPLW** destroyed populated place a village, town or city destroyed by a natural disaster, or by war **PPLX** section of populated place \- **STLMT** Israeli settlement \- **R - Road / Railroad Features** **Code** Name Description **CSWY** causeway a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water **OILP** oil pipeline a pipeline used for transporting oil **PRMN** promenade a place for public walking, usually along a beach front **PTGE** portage a place where boats, goods, etc., are carried overland between navigable waters **RD** road an open way with improved surface for transportation of animals, people and vehicles **RDA** ancient road the remains of a road used by ancient cultures **RDB** road bend a conspicuously curved or bent section of a road **RDCUT** road cut an excavation cut through a hill or ridge for a road **RDJCT** road junction a place where two or more roads join **RJCT** railroad junction a place where two or more railroad tracks join **RR** railroad a permanent twin steel-rail track on which freight and passenger cars move long distances **RRQ** abandoned railroad \- **RTE** caravan route the route taken by caravans **RYD** railroad yard a system of tracks used for the making up of trains, and switching and storing freight cars **ST** street a paved urban thoroughfare **STKR** stock route a route taken by livestock herds **TNL** tunnel a subterranean passageway for transportation **TNLN** natural tunnel a cave that is open at both ends **TNLRD** road tunnel a tunnel through which a road passes **TNLRR** railroad tunnel a tunnel through which a railroad passes **TNLS** tunnels subterranean passageways for transportation **TRL** trail a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles **S - Spot Features (building, farm, monastery, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **ADMF** administrative facility a government building **AGRF** agricultural facility a building and/or tract of land used for improving agriculture **AIRB** airbase an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for air force personnel, hangars and runways for aircraft, and from which operations are initiated **AIRF** airfield a place on land where aircraft land and take off; no facilities provided for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo **AIRH** heliport a place where helicopters land and take off **AIRP** airport a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo **AIRQ** abandoned airfield \- **AIRT** terminal airport facilities for the handling of freight and passengers **AMTH** amphitheater an oval or circular structure with rising tiers of seats about a stage or open space **ANS** archaeological/prehistoric site a place where archeological remains, old structures, or cultural artifacts are located **AQC** aquaculture facility facility or area for the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments; underwater agriculture **ARCH** arch a natural or man-made structure in the form of an arch **ARCHV** archive a place or institution where documents are preserved **ART** piece of art a piece of art, like a sculpture, painting. In contrast to monument (MNMT) it is not commemorative. **ASTR** astronomical station a point on the earth whose position has been determined by observations of celestial bodies **ASYL** asylum a facility where the insane are cared for and protected **ATHF** athletic field a tract of land used for playing team sports, and athletic track and field events **ATM** automatic teller machine An unattended electronic machine in a public place, connected to a data system and related equipment and activated by a bank customer to obtain cash withdrawals and other banking services. **BANK** bank A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged. **BCN** beacon a fixed artificial navigation mark **BDG** bridge a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across **BDGQ** ruined bridge a destroyed or decayed bridge which is no longer functional **BLDA** apartment building a building containing several individual apartments **BLDG** building(s) a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc. **BLDO** office building commercial building where business and/or services are conducted **BP** boundary marker a fixture marking a point along a boundary **BRKS** barracks a building for lodging military personnel **BRKW** breakwater a structure erected to break the force of waves at the entrance to a harbor or port **BSTN** baling station a facility for baling agricultural products **BTYD** boatyard a waterside facility for servicing, repairing, and building small vessels **BUR** burial cave(s) a cave used for human burials **BUSTN** bus station a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading passengers **BUSTP** bus stop a place lacking station facilities **CARN** cairn a heap of stones erected as a landmark or for other purposes **CAVE** cave(s) an underground passageway or chamber, or cavity on the side of a cliff **CH** church a building for public Christian worship **CMP** camp(s) a site occupied by tents, huts, or other shelters for temporary use **CMPL** logging camp a camp used by loggers **CMPLA** labor camp a camp used by migrant or temporary laborers **CMPMN** mining camp a camp used by miners **CMPO** oil camp a camp used by oilfield workers **CMPQ** abandoned camp \- **CMPRF** refugee camp a camp used by refugees **CMTY** cemetery a burial place or ground **COMC** communication center a facility, including buildings, antennae, towers and electronic equipment for receiving and transmitting information **CRRL** corral(s) a pen or enclosure for confining or capturing animals **CSNO** casino a building used for entertainment, especially gambling **CSTL** castle a large fortified building or set of buildings **CSTM** customs house a building in a port where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are entered and cleared **CTHSE** courthouse a building in which courts of law are held **CTRA** atomic center a facility where atomic research is carried out **CTRCM** community center a facility for community recreation and other activities **CTRF** facility center a place where more than one facility is situated **CTRM** medical center a complex of health care buildings including two or more of the following: hospital, medical school, clinic, pharmacy, doctor's offices, etc. **CTRR** religious center a facility where more than one religious activity is carried out, e.g., retreat, school, monastery, worship **CTRS** space center a facility for launching, tracking, or controlling satellites and space vehicles **CVNT** convent a building where a community of nuns lives in seclusion **DAM** dam a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water **DAMQ** ruined dam a destroyed or decayed dam which is no longer functional **DAMSB** sub-surface dam a dam put down to bedrock in a sand river **DARY** dairy a facility for the processing, sale and distribution of milk or milk products **DCKD** dry dock a dock providing support for a vessel, and means for removing the water so that the bottom of the vessel can be exposed **DCKY** dockyard a facility for servicing, building, or repairing ships **DIKE** dike an earth or stone embankment usually constructed for flood or stream control **DIP** diplomatic facility office, residence, or facility of a foreign government, which may include an embassy, consulate, chancery, office of charge d'affaires, or other diplomatic, economic, military, or cultural mission **DPOF** fuel depot an area where fuel is stored **EST** estate(s) a large commercialized agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other facilities **ESTO** oil palm plantation an estate specializing in the cultivation of oil palm trees **ESTR** rubber plantation an estate which specializes in growing and tapping rubber trees **ESTSG** sugar plantation an estate that specializes in growing sugar cane **ESTT** tea plantation an estate which specializes in growing tea bushes **ESTX** section of estate \- **FCL** facility a building or buildings housing a center, institute, foundation, hospital, prison, mission, courthouse, etc. **FNDY** foundry a building or works where metal casting is carried out **FRM** farm a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture **FRMQ** abandoned farm \- **FRMS** farms tracts of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture **FRMT** farmstead the buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm **FT** fort a defensive structure or earthworks **FY** ferry a boat or other floating conveyance and terminal facilities regularly used to transport people and vehicles across a waterbody **FYT** ferry terminal a place where ferries pick-up and discharge passengers, vehicles and or cargo **GATE** gate a controlled access entrance or exit **GDN** garden(s) an enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life **GHAT** ghat a set of steps leading to a river, which are of religious significance, and at their base is usually a platform for bathing **GHSE** guest house a house used to provide lodging for paying guests **GOSP** gas-oil separator plant a facility for separating gas from oil **GOVL** local government office a facility housing local governmental offices, usually a city, town, or village hall **GRVE** grave a burial site **HERM** hermitage a secluded residence, usually for religious sects **HLT** halting place a place where caravans stop for rest **HMSD** homestead a residence, owner's or manager's, on a sheep or cattle station, woolshed, outcamp, or Aboriginal outstation, specific to Australia and New Zealand **HSE** house(s) a building used as a human habitation **HSEC** country house a large house, mansion, or chateau, on a large estate **HSP** hospital a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated **HSPC** clinic a medical facility associated with a hospital for outpatients **HSPD** dispensary a building where medical or dental aid is dispensed **HSPL** leprosarium an asylum or hospital for lepers **HSTS** historical site a place of historical importance **HTL** hotel a building providing lodging and/or meals for the public **HUT** hut a small primitive house **HUTS** huts small primitive houses **INSM** military installation a facility for use of and control by armed forces **ITTR** research institute a facility where research is carried out **JTY** jetty a structure built out into the water at a river mouth or harbor entrance to regulate currents and silting **LDNG** landing a place where boats receive or discharge passengers and freight, but lacking most port facilities **LEPC** leper colony a settled area inhabited by lepers in relative isolation **LIBR** library A place in which information resources such as books are kept for reading, reference, or lending. **LNDF** landfill a place for trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land **LOCK** lock(s) a basin in a waterway with gates at each end by means of which vessels are passed from one water level to another **LTHSE** lighthouse a distinctive structure exhibiting a major navigation light **MALL** mall A large, often enclosed shopping complex containing various stores, businesses, and restaurants usually accessible by common passageways. **MAR** marina a harbor facility for small boats, yachts, etc. **MFG** factory one or more buildings where goods are manufactured, processed or fabricated **MFGB** brewery one or more buildings where beer is brewed **MFGC** cannery a building where food items are canned **MFGCU** copper works a facility for processing copper ore **MFGLM** limekiln a furnace in which limestone is reduced to lime **MFGM** munitions plant a factory where ammunition is made **MFGPH** phosphate works a facility for producing fertilizer **MFGQ** abandoned factory \- **MFGSG** sugar refinery a facility for converting raw sugar into refined sugar **MKT** market a place where goods are bought and sold at regular intervals **ML** mill(s) a building housing machines for transforming, shaping, finishing, grinding, or extracting products **MLM** ore treatment plant a facility for improving the metal content of ore by concentration **MLO** olive oil mill a mill where oil is extracted from olives **MLSG** sugar mill a facility where sugar cane is processed into raw sugar **MLSGQ** former sugar mill a sugar mill no longer used as a sugar mill **MLSW** sawmill a mill where logs or lumber are sawn to specified shapes and sizes **MLWND** windmill a mill or water pump powered by wind **MLWTR** water mill a mill powered by running water **MN** mine(s) a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages **MNAU** gold mine(s) a mine where gold ore, or alluvial gold is extracted **MNC** coal mine(s) a mine where coal is extracted **MNCR** chrome mine(s) a mine where chrome ore is extracted **MNCU** copper mine(s) a mine where copper ore is extracted **MNFE** iron mine(s) a mine where iron ore is extracted **MNMT** monument a commemorative structure or statue **MNN** salt mine(s) a mine from which salt is extracted **MNQ** abandoned mine \- **MNQR** quarry(-ies) a surface mine where building stone or gravel and sand, etc. are extracted **MOLE** mole a massive structure of masonry or large stones serving as a pier or breakwater **MSQE** mosque a building for public Islamic worship **MSSN** mission a place characterized by dwellings, school, church, hospital and other facilities operated by a religious group for the purpose of providing charitable services and to propagate religion **MSSNQ** abandoned mission \- **MSTY** monastery a building and grounds where a community of monks lives in seclusion **MTRO** metro station metro station (Underground, Tube, or Metro) **MUS** museum a building where objects of permanent interest in one or more of the arts and sciences are preserved and exhibited **NOV** novitiate a religious house or school where novices are trained **NSY** nursery(-ies) a place where plants are propagated for transplanting or grafting **OBPT** observation point a wildlife or scenic observation point **OBS** observatory a facility equipped for observation of atmospheric or space phenomena **OBSR** radio observatory a facility equipped with an array of antennae for receiving radio waves from space **OILJ** oil pipeline junction a section of an oil pipeline where two or more pipes join together **OILQ** abandoned oil well \- **OILR** oil refinery a facility for converting crude oil into refined petroleum products **OILT** tank farm a tract of land occupied by large, cylindrical, metal tanks in which oil or liquid petrochemicals are stored **OILW** oil well a well from which oil may be pumped **OPRA** opera house A theater designed chiefly for the performance of operas. **PAL** palace a large stately house, often a royal or presidential residence **PGDA** pagoda a tower-like storied structure, usually a Buddhist shrine **PIER** pier a structure built out into navigable water on piles providing berthing for ships and recreation **PKLT** parking lot an area used for parking vehicles **PMPO** oil pumping station a facility for pumping oil through a pipeline **PMPW** water pumping station a facility for pumping water from a major well or through a pipeline **PO** post office a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed **PP** police post a building in which police are stationed **PPQ** abandoned police post \- **PRKGT** park gate a controlled access to a park **PRKHQ** park headquarters a park administrative facility **PRN** prison a facility for confining prisoners **PRNJ** reformatory a facility for confining, training, and reforming young law offenders **PRNQ** abandoned prison \- **PS** power station a facility for generating electric power **PSH** hydroelectric power station a building where electricity is generated from water power **PSN** nuclear power station nuclear power station **PSTB** border post a post or station at an international boundary for the regulation of movement of people and goods **PSTC** customs post a building at an international boundary where customs and duties are paid on goods **PSTP** patrol post a post from which patrols are sent out **PYR** pyramid an ancient massive structure of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs **PYRS** pyramids ancient massive structures of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs **QUAY** quay a structure of solid construction along a shore or bank which provides berthing for ships and which generally provides cargo handling facilities **RDCR** traffic circle a road junction formed around a central circle about which traffic moves in one direction only **RDIN** intersection a junction of two or more highways by a system of separate levels that permit traffic to pass from one to another without the crossing of traffic streams **RECG** golf course a recreation field where golf is played **RECR** racetrack a track where races are held **REST** restaurant A place where meals are served to the public **RET** store a building where goods and/or services are offered for sale **RHSE** resthouse a structure maintained for the rest and shelter of travelers **RKRY** rookery a breeding place of a colony of birds or seals **RLG** religious site an ancient site of significant religious importance **RLGR** retreat a place of temporary seclusion, especially for religious groups **RNCH** ranch(es) a large farm specializing in extensive grazing of livestock **RSD** railroad siding a short track parallel to and joining the main track **RSGNL** railroad signal a signal at the entrance of a particular section of track governing the movement of trains **RSRT** resort a specialized facility for vacation, health, or participation sports activities **RSTN** railroad station a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading train passengers and freight **RSTNQ** abandoned railroad station \- **RSTP** railroad stop a place lacking station facilities where trains stop to pick up and unload passengers and freight **RSTPQ** abandoned railroad stop \- **RUIN** ruin(s) a destroyed or decayed structure which is no longer functional **SCH** school building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place **SCHA** agricultural school a school with a curriculum focused on agriculture **SCHC** college the grounds and buildings of an institution of higher learning **SCHL** language school Language Schools & Institutions **SCHM** military school a school at which military science forms the core of the curriculum **SCHN** maritime school a school at which maritime sciences form the core of the curriculum **SCHT** technical school post-secondary school with a specifically technical or vocational curriculum **SECP** State Exam Prep Centre state exam preparation centres **SHPF** sheepfold a fence or wall enclosure for sheep and other small herd animals **SHRN** shrine a structure or place memorializing a person or religious concept **SHSE** storehouse a building for storing goods, especially provisions **SLCE** sluice a conduit or passage for carrying off surplus water from a waterbody, usually regulated by means of a sluice gate **SNTR** sanatorium a facility where victims of physical or mental disorders are treated **SPA** spa a resort area usually developed around a medicinal spring **SPLY** spillway a passage or outlet through which surplus water flows over, around or through a dam **SQR** square a broad, open, public area near the center of a town or city **STBL** stable a building for the shelter and feeding of farm animals, especially horses **STDM** stadium a structure with an enclosure for athletic games with tiers of seats for spectators **STNB** scientific research base a scientific facility used as a base from which research is carried out or monitored **STNC** coast guard station a facility from which the coast is guarded by armed vessels **STNE** experiment station a facility for carrying out experiments **STNF** forest station a collection of buildings and facilities for carrying out forest management **STNI** inspection station a station at which vehicles, goods, and people are inspected **STNM** meteorological station a station at which weather elements are recorded **STNR** radio station a facility for producing and transmitting information by radio waves **STNS** satellite station a facility for tracking and communicating with orbiting satellites **STNW** whaling station a facility for butchering whales and processing train oil **STPS** steps stones or slabs placed for ease in ascending or descending a steep slope **SWT** sewage treatment plant facility for the processing of sewage and/or wastewater **SYG** synagogue a place for Jewish worship and religious instruction **THTR** theater A building, room, or outdoor structure for the presentation of plays, films, or other dramatic performances **TMB** tomb(s) a structure for interring bodies **TMPL** temple(s) an edifice dedicated to religious worship **TNKD** cattle dipping tank a small artificial pond used for immersing cattle in chemically treated water for disease control **TOLL** toll gate/barrier highway toll collection station **TOWR** tower a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter **TRAM** tram rail vehicle along urban streets (also known as streetcar or trolley) **TRANT** transit terminal facilities for the handling of vehicular freight and passengers **TRIG** triangulation station a point on the earth whose position has been determined by triangulation **TRMO** oil pipeline terminal a tank farm or loading facility at the end of an oil pipeline **TWO** temp work office Temporary Work Offices **UNIP** university prep school University Preparation Schools & Institutions **UNIV** university An institution for higher learning with teaching and research facilities constituting a graduate school and professional schools that award master's degrees and doctorates and an undergraduate division that awards bachelor's degrees. **USGE** united states government establishment a facility operated by the United States Government in Panama **VETF** veterinary facility a building or camp at which veterinary services are available **WALL** wall a thick masonry structure, usually enclosing a field or building, or forming the side of a structure **WALLA** ancient wall the remains of a linear defensive stone structure **WEIR** weir(s) a small dam in a stream, designed to raise the water level or to divert stream flow through a desired channel **WHRF** wharf(-ves) a structure of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank which provides berthing for ships and cargo-handling facilities **WRCK** wreck the site of the remains of a wrecked vessel **WTRW** waterworks a facility for supplying potable water through a water source and a system of pumps and filtration beds **ZNF** free trade zone an area, usually a section of a port, where goods may be received and shipped free of customs duty and of most customs regulations **ZOO** zoo a zoological garden or park where wild animals are kept for exhibition **T - Hypsographic Features (mountain, hill, rock, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **ASPH** asphalt lake a small basin containing naturally occurring asphalt **ATOL** atoll(s) a ring-shaped coral reef which has closely spaced islands on it encircling a lagoon **BAR** bar a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts **BCH** beach a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves **BCHS** beaches a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves **BDLD** badlands an area characterized by a maze of very closely spaced, deep, narrow, steep-sided ravines, and sharp crests and pinnacles **BLDR** boulder field a high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks **BLHL** blowhole(s) a hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air **BLOW** blowout(s) a small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion **BNCH** bench a long, narrow bedrock platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody **BUTE** butte(s) a small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides **CAPE** cape a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction **CFT** cleft(s) a deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff **CLDA** caldera a depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain **CLF** cliff(s) a high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area **CNYN** canyon a deep, narrow valley with steep sides cutting into a plateau or mountainous area **CONE** cone(s) a conical landform composed of mud or volcanic material **CRDR** corridor a strip or area of land having significance as an access way **CRQ** cirque a bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley **CRQS** cirques bowl-like hollows partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley **CRTR** crater(s) a generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action **CUET** cuesta(s) an asymmetric ridge formed on tilted strata **DLTA** delta a flat plain formed by alluvial deposits at the mouth of a stream **DPR** depression(s) a low area surrounded by higher land and usually characterized by interior drainage **DSRT** desert a large area with little or no vegetation due to extreme environmental conditions **DUNE** dune(s) a wave form, ridge or star shape feature composed of sand **DVD** divide a line separating adjacent drainage basins **ERG** sandy desert an extensive tract of shifting sand and sand dunes **FAN** fan(s) a fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain **FORD** ford a shallow part of a stream which can be crossed on foot or by land vehicle **FSR** fissure a crack associated with volcanism **GAP** gap a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation **GRGE** gorge(s) a short, narrow, steep-sided section of a stream valley **HDLD** headland a high projection of land extending into a large body of water beyond the line of the coast **HLL** hill a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m **HLLS** hills rounded elevations of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m **HMCK** hammock(s) a patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups **HMDA** rock desert a relatively sand-free, high bedrock plateau in a hot desert, with or without a gravel veneer **INTF** interfluve a relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys **ISL** island a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water **ISLET** islet small island, bigger than rock, smaller than island. **ISLF** artificial island an island created by landfill or diking and filling in a wetland, bay, or lagoon **ISLM** mangrove island a mangrove swamp surrounded by a waterbody **ISLS** islands tracts of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water **ISLT** land-tied island a coastal island connected to the mainland by barrier beaches, levees or dikes **ISLX** section of island \- **ISTH** isthmus a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses and bordered by water **KRST** karst area a distinctive landscape developed on soluble rock such as limestone characterized by sinkholes, caves, disappearing streams, and underground drainage **LAVA** lava area an area of solidified lava **LEV** levee a natural low embankment bordering a distributary or meandering stream; often built up artificially to control floods **MESA** mesa(s) a flat-topped, isolated elevation with steep slopes on all sides, less extensive than a plateau **MND** mound(s) a low, isolated, rounded hill **MRN** moraine a mound, ridge, or other accumulation of glacial till **MT** mountain an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more **MTS** mountains a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges **NKM** meander neck a narrow strip of land between the two limbs of a meander loop at its narrowest point **NTK** nunatak a rock or mountain peak protruding through glacial ice **NTKS** nunataks rocks or mountain peaks protruding through glacial ice **PAN** pan a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool **PANS** pans a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool **PASS** pass a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other \[See also gap\] **PEN** peninsula an elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water **PENX** section of peninsula \- **PK** peak a pointed elevation atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic feature **PKS** peaks pointed elevations atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic features **PLAT** plateau an elevated plain with steep slopes on one or more sides, and often with incised streams **PLATX** section of plateau \- **PLDR** polder an area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining **PLN** plain(s) an extensive area of comparatively level to gently undulating land, lacking surface irregularities, and usually adjacent to a higher area **PLNX** section of plain \- **PROM** promontory(-ies) a bluff or prominent hill overlooking or projecting into a lowland **PT** point a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape **PTS** points tapering pieces of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape **RDGB** beach ridge a ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series **RDGE** ridge(s) a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest **REG** stony desert a desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel and stones **RK** rock a conspicuous, isolated rocky mass **RKFL** rockfall an irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope **RKS** rocks conspicuous, isolated rocky masses **SAND** sand area a tract of land covered with sand **SBED** dry stream bed a channel formerly containing the water of a stream **SCRP** escarpment a long line of cliffs or steep slopes separating level surfaces above and below **SDL** saddle a broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains **SHOR** shore a narrow zone bordering a waterbody which covers and uncovers at high and low water, respectively **SINK** sinkhole a small crater-shape depression in a karst area **SLID** slide a mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area **SLP** slope(s) a surface with a relatively uniform slope angle **SPIT** spit a narrow, straight or curved continuation of a beach into a waterbody **SPUR** spur(s) a subordinate ridge projecting outward from a hill, mountain or other elevation **TAL** talus slope a steep concave slope formed by an accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a cliff or steep slope **TRGD** interdune trough(s) a long wind-swept trough between parallel longitudinal dunes **TRR** terrace a long, narrow alluvial platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody **UPLD** upland an extensive interior region of high land with low to moderate surface relief **VAL** valley an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream **VALG** hanging valley a valley the floor of which is notably higher than the valley or shore to which it leads; most common in areas that have been glaciated **VALS** valleys elongated depressions usually traversed by a stream **VALX** section of valley \- **VLC** volcano a conical elevation composed of volcanic materials with a crater at the top **U - Undersea Features** **Code** Name Description **APNU** apron a gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts **ARCU** arch a low bulge around the southeastern end of the island of Hawaii **ARRU** arrugado an area of subdued corrugations off Baja California **BDLU** borderland a region adjacent to a continent, normally occupied by or bordering a shelf, that is highly irregular with depths well in excess of those typical of a shelf **BKSU** banks elevations, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation **BNKU** bank an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation **BSNU** basin a depression more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent **CDAU** cordillera an entire mountain system including the subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins **CNSU** canyons relatively narrow, deep depressions with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope **CNYU** canyon a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope **CRSU** continental rise a gentle slope rising from oceanic depths towards the foot of a continental slope **DEPU** deep a localized deep area within the confines of a larger feature, such as a trough, basin or trench **EDGU** shelf edge a line along which there is a marked increase of slope at the outer margin of a continental shelf or island shelf **ESCU** escarpment (or scarp) an elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas **FANU** fan a relatively smooth feature normally sloping away from the lower termination of a canyon or canyon system **FLTU** flat a small level or nearly level area **FRZU** fracture zone an extensive linear zone of irregular topography of the sea floor, characterized by steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, troughs, or escarpments **FURU** furrow a closed, linear, narrow, shallow depression **GAPU** gap a narrow break in a ridge or rise **GLYU** gully a small valley-like feature **HLLU** hill an elevation rising generally less than 500 meters **HLSU** hills elevations rising generally less than 500 meters **HOLU** hole a small depression of the sea floor **KNLU** knoll an elevation rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit **KNSU** knolls elevations rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summits **LDGU** ledge a rocky projection or outcrop, commonly linear and near shore **LEVU** levee an embankment bordering a canyon, valley, or seachannel **MESU** mesa an isolated, extensive, flat-topped elevation on the shelf, with relatively steep sides **MNDU** mound a low, isolated, rounded hill **MOTU** moat an annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations **MTU** mountain a well-delineated subdivision of a large and complex positive feature **PKSU** peaks prominent elevations, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit **PKU** peak a prominent elevation, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit **PLNU** plain a flat, gently sloping or nearly level region **PLTU** plateau a comparatively flat-topped feature of considerable extent, dropping off abruptly on one or more sides **PNLU** pinnacle a high tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock or coral, alone or cresting a summit **PRVU** province a region identifiable by a group of similar physiographic features whose characteristics are markedly in contrast with surrounding areas **RDGU** ridge a long narrow elevation with steep sides **RDSU** ridges long narrow elevations with steep sides **RFSU** reefs surface-navigation hazards composed of consolidated material **RFU** reef a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material **RISU** rise a broad elevation that rises gently, and generally smoothly, from the sea floor **SCNU** seachannel a continuously sloping, elongated depression commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides **SCSU** seachannels continuously sloping, elongated depressions commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides **SDLU** saddle a low part, resembling in shape a saddle, in a ridge or between contiguous seamounts **SHFU** shelf a zone adjacent to a continent (or around an island) that extends from the low water line to a depth at which there is usually a marked increase of slope towards oceanic depths **SHLU** shoal a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material **SHSU** shoals hazards to surface navigation composed of unconsolidated material **SHVU** shelf valley a valley on the shelf, generally the shoreward extension of a canyon **SILU** sill the low part of a gap or saddle separating basins **SLPU** slope the slope seaward from the shelf edge to the beginning of a continental rise or the point where there is a general reduction in slope **SMSU** seamounts elevations rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit **SMU** seamount an elevation rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit **SPRU** spur a subordinate elevation, ridge, or rise projecting outward from a larger feature **TERU** terrace a relatively flat horizontal or gently inclined surface, sometimes long and narrow, which is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on one side and by a steep descending slope on the opposite side **TMSU** tablemounts (or guyots) seamounts having a comparatively smooth, flat top **TMTU** tablemount (or guyot) a seamount having a comparatively smooth, flat top **TNGU** tongue an elongate (tongue-like) extension of a flat sea floor into an adjacent higher feature **TRGU** trough a long depression of the sea floor characteristically flat bottomed and steep sided, and normally shallower than a trench **TRNU** trench a long, narrow, characteristically very deep and asymmetrical depression of the sea floor, with relatively steep sides **VALU** valley a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient **VLSU** valleys a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient **V - Vegetation Features (forest, heath, etc...)** **Code** Name Description **BUSH** bush(es) a small clump of conspicuous bushes in an otherwise bare area **CULT** cultivated area an area under cultivation **FRST** forest(s) an area dominated by tree vegetation **FRSTF** fossilized forest a forest fossilized by geologic processes and now exposed at the earth's surface **GROVE** grove a small wooded area or collection of trees growing closely together, occurring naturally or deliberately planted **GRSLD** grassland an area dominated by grass vegetation **GRVC** coconut grove a planting of coconut trees **GRVO** olive grove a planting of olive trees **GRVP** palm grove a planting of palm trees **GRVPN** pine grove a planting of pine trees **HTH** heath an upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather **MDW** meadow a small, poorly drained area dominated by grassy vegetation **OCH** orchard(s) a planting of fruit or nut trees **SCRB** scrubland an area of low trees, bushes, and shrubs stunted by some environmental limitation **TREE** tree(s) a conspicuous tree used as a landmark **TUND** tundra a marshy, treeless, high latitude plain, dominated by mosses, lichens, and low shrub vegetation under permafrost conditions **VIN** vineyard a planting of grapevines **VINS** vineyards plantings of grapevines